Structure and Working Principle of Conveyor Scraper

Structure and Working Principle of Conveyor Scraper Slat

Structure and operating principle of the main components of the conveyor scraper:

1. Transmission System: The transmission system primarily consists of components such as the motor, reducer, sprockets, head frame, tongue plate, idler shaft, and chain tensioner. The coupling cover connects the motor and reducer into a single unit. Power is transmitted from the motor through the reducer to the sprockets, which in turn drive the scrapers, forming a closed-loop transmission chain that efficiently conveys coal.

2. Hydraulic Coupling: The hydraulic coupling primarily consists of components such as the housing, pump impeller, and turbine. It transmits power via hydraulic fluid, reducing shock and vibration during startup while providing overload protection.

3. Gear Reducer: The reducer utilizes bevel gear transmission with a power rating of 40 kW and a speed reduction ratio of 24.564. To ensure proper bearing operation, the axial clearances of the bearings should be adjusted appropriately: for the first shaft, set the clearance between 0.04 and 0.1 mm; for the second shaft, adjust it to between 0.08 and 0.15 mm; for the third shaft, maintain clearance within 0.07 to 0.15 mm; and for the fourth shaft, the clearance should be between 0.2 and 0.4 mm. Additionally, the axial position of the spiral bevel gears must also be fine-tuned to guarantee optimal meshing clearance and contact pattern. The meshing backlash should not fall below 0.17 mm, and the contact pattern along both the tooth length and height directions must cover at least 50% of the tooth surface. Axial clearance for the first shaft can be adjusted using a regulating nut, while the axial clearances of the second, third, and fourth shafts can be modified by adjusting shims.

4. Sprocket: The sprocket’s half-rollers are integrated to transmit power to the scraper chain.

5. Head Frame: The head frame is assembled and welded from components such as side panels and a base plate. Its sides are designed to securely hold the reducer and the blind shaft assembly, while the rear end connects to the transition groove.

6. Idler Shaft: The idler shaft consists of components such as the bearing housing and the shaft itself, and its primary function is to support the sprocket.

7. Chain Tensioner: The chain tensioning device consists of components such as an eccentric wheel, housing, brake band, and brake wheel. Braking is achieved by securing the brake wheel with the brake band. It is used in conjunction with the chain tensioner hook to tighten the scraper chain.

8. Transition Chute: The transition chute is assembled and welded from side steel plates and a central plate. It serves as the transitional connection between the head frame and the intermediate chute.

9. Intermediate Tank: The intermediate tank is a critical component of the conveyor scraper, consisting of side steel plates, an intermediate plate, and connecting pins. The intermediate tanks are connected longitudinally to each other via these connecting pins.

10. Scraper Chain: The scraper chain consists of a round link, scrapers, connecting links, and bolts. The scrapers are made from rolled structural steel. One side of each scraper features a beveled edge that comes into contact with the middle plate of the trough to scrape coal. The protruding part of the connecting links serves as a guiding mechanism.

11. Tail Section: The tail section is assembled from the tail frame and the tail shaft, with the tail shaft serving as the guiding mechanism for the scraper chain to rotate. A dual-drive configuration can also be used, where both the head and tail sections include drive components, allowing the total machine length to be extended up to 160 meters.

When the conveyor scraper uses a dual-drive system, it must share a single set of electrical control equipment. Before starting the machine, ensure that the front and rear drive components are turned in the same direction. Failure to do so could result in accidents such as scraper chain breakage or damage to the drive components.

12. Left and Right Baffles: Conveyor scraper blades typically do not come equipped with left and right baffles when they leave the factory; however, these can be specially ordered if needed.